History of mapping

What is Mapping?

Mapping is the science and art of preparing a map by determining the position of points and measuring the distances and angles between them. In other words, taking complications and their image on map surfaces is the main goal of its branch. The activity in this field of engineering can be divided into three main parts:

Ground operations: Picking up points on the surface of the earth with one of the existing methods and using tools such as cameras. Mapping, GPS or GNSS mapping, UAV or classic outdoor mapping operations are known as the first step in map preparation. or correcting the errors in the collection and preparation of data by using existing relationships and software to draw a map is part of the mapping activity that is done in the office environment.
Drawing a map: Map It is known as the final output of all the steps taken by the surveyor and as the product of this process. At this stage, the surveyor draws the map according to the existing rules and regulations.

Types of mapping

Depending on the purpose of the mapping project as well as the assumptions that are considered for the project, mapping can be divided into two main categories: Planar mapping deals with small areas on the Earth's surface and the assumption that the Earth is flat. Therefore, the curvature of the earth is ignored and no correction for the curvature of the earth will be applied to the measurements. and is a detailed framework for lower-order controls. For this type of mapping, very accurate standards are needed and it covers relatively large areas (for example, a country). In this type of mapping, it is very important to consider the curvature of the earth.

Different methods of mapping

Planar mapping can be divided into the following methods:

Chain mapping (three -part)

Route Map (Navigation)